Glossary

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Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (PZEV)
  • 120,000 miles of driving. By comparison, a vehicle certified to the Federal Tier 2 Bin 5 California LEV II emissions standards currently in effect emits about 29 pounds over the same 120,000 miles. To achieve a PZEV rating, a vehicle must meet certain criteria, including:
  • Meet the Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (SULEV II) standards for tailpipe pollution
  • Demonstrate zero fuel-based evaporative emissions
  • The manufacturer’s warranty must ensure that emissions-related components are covered for 15 years or150,000 miles, whichever comes first(1)
Payload
  • Weight of the actual cargo and occupant(s) carried by a vehicle
  • Payload capacities are computed by subtracting the curb weight of the vehicle from its specified Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
  • Addition of any optional equipment or passengers adds to the vehicle weight and subtracts from the allowable payload
  • Trucks with a GVWR of Class 6 or higher calculate payload by simply subtracting the weight of the completed vehicle from the GVWR to determine payload
Pillars
Pillars are the vertical beams that support the roof and separate passenger compartment windows. A-pillar — First, or most forward, roof support pillar located on either side of the windshield. Also known as “windshield pillar” or “A-post” B-pillar — Center roof support that divides the front and rear doors on 4-door and wagon models. On2-door models, the B-pillar separates the door and rear quarter window/panel. On vans and wagons, the B-pillar is behind the front doors C-pillar — Rear roof supporting member on most vehicles. On CUVs/SUVs, this pillar separates the rear doors and quarter panel glass D-pillar — Vertical, or sometimes diagonal, roof support member at the extreme rear of the roof or greenhouse structure on mini vans, CUVs/SUVs and some sedan body styles
Piston
  • Cylindrical component, closed at one end, and attached to the crankshaft by a connecting rod
  • The force of an explosion in the cylinder’s combustion chamber forces the closed end of the piston down, causing the connecting rod to move the crankshaft
Pitch
  • Rotation along an imaginary lateral or transverse axis situated between the front and rear wheels of a vehicle causing the vehicle to move up or down on the side-to-side axis.
  • Often, during hard braking, the vehicle’s nose will pitch down — this is called “dive” or “diving”
  • During acceleration, the rear of the vehicle’s pitch is lower. This motion is called “squat” or “squatting”
Plenum
Chamber between the throttle body and the passages of an intake manifold used to help promote the even distribution of the intake charge and to enhance airflow and engine performance.
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Pogo Stick
  • Flexible, vertical spring-wound tube mounted behind the cab and used to support extra-long air hoses and electrical lines
  • See Glad Hand
Porthole-in-frame Design
Frame design that locates the rear axle shafts through the frame rails to allow for a lower step-in height and center of gravity. This design is exclusive to Explorer, Expedition and Sport Trac.
Pound-Feet
Unit of measure for engine torque commonly abbreviated as lb.-ft. The commonly used term of “foot-pounds” is more properly a measurement of work rather than torque.
Power Adjustable Brake and Accelerator Pedals
Power adjustable pedals allow for the forward or rearward adjustment (up to 3 inches) of the accelerator and brake pedals through the activation of an instrument-panel-mounted switch. This is an especially useful feature for drivers of smaller stature, allowing them to comfortably reach the pedals while being able to maintain the required distance from the steering-wheel-mounted airbag. This feature can be packaged together with an available seat position memory system on certain vehicles for the ultimate in comfort and convenience.
Power Band
Rpm range over which an engine delivers a substantial portion of its peak power. The power band generally extends from slightly below the engine’s torque peak to slightly above its power peak.
Power Takeoff (PTO)
Power takeoff refers to using the vehicle’s power train as a power source to perform some work other than moving the vehicle. Examples of this work include operating auxiliary equipment such as a wrecker and snowplow lifts, dump bodies, hydraulic/pneumatic tools and so on. The PTO unit is located between the power train and the device it powers. When a vehicle is doing this work while it is not moving, keep in mind that it is also deprived of the cooling benefits airflow provides. Because of this, it is important not to block the front grille or bumper openings. Specific precautions are listed in the Body Builders Layout Book. While Ford does not offer the actual PTO units, Ford F-Series Super Duty® engineers worked closely with two PTO after market suppliers (Parker Chelsea and Muncie) during development of the truck. This work helped create two different Ford-specific after market units that bolt directly onto the transmission’s power takeoff interface (the interface is standard on F-Series Super Duty models equipped with a manual transmission, optional with automatic transmission).
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Power Takeoff (PTO) Provision
  • Power Takeoff (PTO) Provision is an added benefit for customers with specific auxiliary power needs. It enables up fitters to supply auxiliary power to hydraulically driven accessories such as dump bodies, sprayers, pumps, generators, etc. Front-mounted, front-powered equipment is often powered by a direct drive shaft from the front of the engine. The adaptation of the vehicle to allow this installation is called the Power Takeoff Provision. This includes an adapter plate on the engine, and in some instances clearance through the grille or front-end sheet metal. An optional front frame extension for mounting equipment is available on all models except the Pro Loader. The F-650 and F-750extensions are bolted on, while the F-750S extension has an integral extension of the frame rail.
  • Transmission Power Takeoff Provision– A specific option code must be ordered to get a PTO gear and port with the TorqShift®5-speed automatic transmission
  • 85P for E-Series Van/Cutaway
  • 62R for F-Series Super Duty®
  • 44B for LCF– The 6-speed manual overdrive transmission has a PTO gear and a port standard (NA on E-Series and LCF)
  • Stationary Elevated Idle Control (SEIC)– This standard feature in all E-350/E-450, F-250/F-350/F-450/F-550 and Ford LCF models provides the “throttle-kicker,” replacing the Auxiliary Idle Control Kit in prior model years. It consists of a strategy embedded in the power train control module (PCM), and a set of blunt-cut wires to command it– The selling dealer will need to obtain the customer interface (e.g., PTO controller or switch) from the aftermarket NOTE: “Up fitter Switches,” (Standard on F-350/F-450/F-550 Chassis Cabs, option code 66Son F-250/F-350 Pickups) may be used as a PTO switch. SEIC provides engine speeds of 910 to 2400 rpm for 5.4L and 6.8L gas engines, and 1200 to 2400 rpm for all (4.5L, 6.0L and 6.4L) diesel engines. It also automatically locks the torque converter providing power to the PTO gear for the TorqShift automatic transmission when the operator turns on the PTO switch. Instructions to up fitters for completing the SEIC/PTO circuitry are detailed in the 2008 Model Year Light Truck Body Builders Layout Book, found at www.fleet.ford.com/truckbbas.Refer to the latest Dealer Ordering Guide for model and engine restrictions.
Power train
Name given to the combination of engine, transmission/transaxle and differential (rear-wheel drive only) for any particular model. See the Power trains section of this book for details concerning Ford power train systems.
Power train Control Module (PCM) with On-Board Diagnostics (OBD II)
  • PCM with OBD II was developed to accommodate the goals of achieving mandated emissions control and improving vehicle performance
  • The latest PCM incorporates more functions, more memory and more new integrated circuits than the former control system, helping it be more precise than its predecessors PCM features and benefits:
  • Potential improvements in:– Performance– Drive ability– Fuel economy– Emissions control
  • Through state-of-the-art technologies, Ford Service Technicians are able to fully reprogram the PCM memory by electronically “talking” to a single connector on the vehicle, allowing the module to receive upgrades rather than requiring replacement
  • PCM system enables Ford vehicles to comply with the latest California Air Resources Board (CARB) OBD II requirements designed to help maintain vehicle emissions control. As more stringent emissions regulations are adopted in the future, the PCM will be able to adapt to these as well PCM enables Ford to meet OBD II requirements by monitoring:
  • Catalyst efficiency
  • Fuel system
  • Evaporative emissions
  • Exhaust gas recirculation
  • Other emissions-related control systems as well as various sensors and actuators The PCM also helps improve accuracy during repair procedures. The PCM’s enhanced capability expands the ability of Ford Service Technicians to trace problems, even intermittent problems, quickly and easily.
  • Through the use of diagnostic scan tools, Technicians also are able to retrieve recorded vehicle performance history from PCM, leading to quicker and more accurate diagnoses
Power-to-weight Ratio
Although power-to-weight ratios may be configured in many ways, they are generally the proportion of the vehicle’s curb weight divided by the vehicle’s horsepower measured at peak rpm. A vehicle that produces more horsepower or torque than another vehicle of equal weight will have a greater power-to-weight ratio.
PSI
  • Pounds per square inch — the measurement of pressure that results from a specified amount of gas in a limited volume. For example, the more air that is put into a tire, the greater the psi
  • Normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi
Pulse Vacuum Hub lock (PVH) System
  • This high technology provides F-Series Super Duty® with an outstanding four-wheel-drive system
  • Allows synchronous hub lock engagement when the driver shifts on-the-fly, resulting in smooth, quiet functioning
  • 4x4 engagements and disengagements can be made while driving at virtually any speed
  • No shift delays, even in extremely cold temperatures
  • Allows total disengagement of front wheels when in the 4x2 mode, resulting in maximized performance and fuel economy
  • No regular service intervals required under normal driving conditions. This does not include severe off-road maintenance
  • F-Series Super Duty 4x4 models equipped with the PVH system feature a manual override
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Push rod
Connecting link in an operating mechanism that opens the valve for the duration and lift of the cam, allowing the engine to intake and exhaust the air/fuel mixture. In a conventional layout, the force is transferred to the rocker arms.
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Additional Disclosures

1
Starting MSRP excludes destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Optional equipment not included. Starting A, Z and X Plan price is for qualified, eligible customers and excludes document fee, destination/delivery charge. taxes, title and registration. Not all vehicles qualify for A, Z or X Plan.
2
EPA-estimated city/hwy mpg. See fueleconomy.gov for fuel economy of other engine/transmission combinations.
3
When properly equipped.
4
Option/Package price based on Manufacturers Suggest Retail Price,or A, Z, or X PLan price for qualified, eligible A, Z, or X Plan customers excluding taxes.
5
The Estimated Selling Price of vehicle less cash back, rebates, and net trade in allowance. It does not include amounts for fees, sales tax, service contracts, etc. Consult your dealer for actual price and complete details.
6
Special APR offers applied to Estimated Selling Price. Special APR offers require Ford Credit Financing. Not all buyers will qualify. See dealer for qualifications and complete details.
7
Special Lease offers applied to Estimated Capitalized Cost. Special Lease offers require Ford Credit Financing. Not all buyers will qualify. See dealer for qualifications and complete details.
8
See your dealer for details.
15
Classes are:  Compact Cars (Fiesta); Small Sedans and Hatchbacks (Focus); Midsize Sedans (Fusion); Full-Size Sedans (Taurus); RWD Sports Cars (Mustang); Small Utilities (Escape); Midsize Utilities (Edge); Large Utilities (Flex and Explorer); Extended Utilities (Expedition); Full-Size Pickups under 8,500 lbs. GVWR, Non-Hybrid (F-150); Full-Size Pickups over 8,500 lbs. GVWR (Super Duty).
16
EPA-estimated Fiesta SE with SFE Package; Focus SE with SFE Package. See fueleconomy.gov for details.
17
Excludes models with SYNC with MyFord Touch.
18
Only on vehicles equipped with SYNC with MyFord Touch.
19
See fueleconomy.gov.
20
For Dealer Ordered vehicles, the vehicle has already been ordered by the dealer and is in the process of being manufactured by the factory. If you are interested in the vehicle marked "Dealer Ordered", contact the dealership for a delivery estimate.
21
On the F-750
22
Based on Ford drive-cycle tests of comparably equipped 2011/2012 Ford and 2011/2012 competitive models. Class is Full-Size Pickups over 8,500 lbs. GVWR.
27
SYNC is available on most Ford vehicles. Features/functionality vary by vehicle/model. Driving while distracted can result in loss of vehicle control. Only use SYNC/MyFord Touch/other devices, even with voice commands, when it is safe to do so. Some features may be locked out while the vehicle is in gear. Traffic alerts and turn-by-turn directions available in select markets. Not all features are compatible with all phones. Message and data rates may apply.
28
The vehicle's electrical system (including the battery), the wireless service provider's signal and a connected mobile phone must all be available and operating for 911 Assist to function properly. These systems may become damaged in a crash. The paired mobile phone must be connected to SYNC, and the 911 Assist feature enabled, in order for 911 to be dialed. When the feature is ON, 911 Assist uses your paired and connected mobile phone to assist occupants to contact emergency services by dialing 911 if your airbag deploys or, on certain vehicles, if the emergency fuel pump shut-off is activated.
29
Complimentary three-year subscription for owners of new vehicles equipped with the service. Subscription fees may apply after three years. Traffic alerts and turn-by-turn directions available in select markets. Message and data rates may apply.
34
Optional. SiriusXM Satellite Radio, Traffic and Travel Link subscriptions sold separately or as a package after trial expires. SiriusXM Traffic and Travel Link service available in select markets. Subscriptions are governed by SiriusXM Customer Agreement; see www.siriusxm.com. Sirius U.S. Satellite Service available in the 48 contiguous states and D.C. Sirius, XM and all related marks and logos are trademarks of Sirius XM Radio Inc.
36
Optional Ford Work Solutions. Available on F-Series, E-Series, Transit Connect and Super Duty. Some features unavailable while driving.
39
Remember that even advanced technology cannot overcome the laws of physics. It's always possible to lose control of a vehicle due to inappropriate driver input for the conditions.
41
911 Assist, VHR, SYNC Services and AppLink not available on Transit Connect. Driving while distracted can result in loss of vehicle control. Only use mobile phones and other devices, even with voice commands, when it is safe to do so.
42
Based on analysis of data published by EPA, 11/10.
43
Android is a trademark of Google Inc. iPhone® is a registered trademarks of Apple Inc. The BlackBerry and RIM families of related marks, images and symbols are the exclusive properties and trademarks of Research In Motion Limited.
48
You must have a Bluetooth®-enabled phone paired to your SYNC system. The Bluetooth word mark is a trademark of the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. HD Radio is a proprietary trademark of iBiquity Digital Corp. iPad®, iPod® and iTunes® are registered trademarks of Apple Inc. The term Wi-Fi® is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance®. Sony is a registered trademark of the Sony Corporation.
49
Only on vehicles with SYNC® with MyFord Touch® with voice activated Navigation system or SYNC with hard drive-based voice activated Navigation system. Commands may vary by model year.
52
Google Maps is a trademark of Google, Inc. MapQuest is a trademark of AOL Inc.
53
PANDORA, the PANDORA logo, and the Pandora trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of Pandora Media, Inc. Used with permission. iHeartAuto is a registered trademark of Clear Channel Broadcasting, Inc. Slacker® is a registered trademark of Slacker®, Inc. Stitcher Smart Radio is a registered trademark of Stitcher, Inc. NPR and the NPR logo are registered trademarks of National Public Radio, Inc. Used with permission.
63
SYNC AppLink is available on select models and compatible with select smartphone platforms. Commands may vary by phone and Applink software.
64
20 Operator Assist sessions included with each one-year paid/complimentary SYNC Services subscription. Fees apply for additional sessions. See syncmyride.com.
67
EPA-estimated 17 city/25 hwy/20 combined mpg, AWD. Figures achieved using premium unleaded gasoline.
68
Achieved with premium fuel.
129
SYNC Services is complimentary for three years on most Ford vehicles. Vehicles built with SYNC with MyFord® will require a subscription fee from the onset of service. Click on the support tab for more details. Ford Motor Company reserves the right to change or discontinue this product service at any time without prior notification or incurring any future obligation.
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All prices are manufactures suggested retail prices and exclude destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Optional equipment not included. Prices may not reflect all equipment shown in images. Dealers are the best source for up-to-date pricing.
Ford reserves the right to change product specifications at any time without incurring obligations